Here’s a concise guide to OpenWrt, the open-source Linux-based operating system for routers and embedded devices:
1. What is OpenWrt
A lightweight Linux distribution designed for embedded devices/routers.
Provides full customization, package management (`opkg`), and a web interface (LuCI).
Replaces factory firmware with enhanced stability, security, and features.
2. Key Features
Customization: Install packages (VPN, QoS, ad-blocking, etc.).
Security: Regular updates, firewall, VLAN support.
Performance: Optimized for low-resource hardware.
Wireless: Advanced Wi-Fi settings (mesh support, channel optimization).
Networking: IPv6, dual-stack, traffic shaping.
3. Installation Steps
Prerequisites:
Check hardware compatibility: [OpenWrt Hardware Table].
Download correct firmware: [Downloads].
Use Ethernet connection (avoid Wi-Fi during flash).
Flashing:
1. Access stock router firmware via browser (e.g., `192.168.1.1`).
2. Upload OpenWrt firmware file (`.bin`/`.trx`) via firmware upgrade option.
3. Wait for reboot (do not power off).
4. Initial Setup
Connect: Set PC to DHCP and plug into LAN port.
Access LuCI (Web UI): Browse to ` (default IP).
SSH: `ssh .1.1` (no password initially).
Set Password: Required on first login.
5. Basic Configuration
WAN Interface: Configure for internet access (DHCP/PPPoE/static IP).
LAN Settings: Change IP/subnet if needed.
Wireless: Enable Wi-Fi, set SSID/encryption.
Firewall: Port forwarding, DMZ, traffic rules.
6. Package Management
Update packages:
bash
opkg update
opkg upgrade
Install tools (e.g., ad-blocker, SQM QoS):
bash
opkg install adblock luci-app-sqm
Install LuCI apps: `luci-app-xxx` (e.g., `luci-app-wireguard`).
7. Advanced Use Cases
VPN: Run OpenVPN/WireGuard server/client.
NAS: Attach USB storage for Samba/FTP.
DNS: Use `AdGuard Home` or `dnsmasq` for filtering.
Guest Network: Isolate Wi-Fi with VLANs.
Monitoring: `vnStat` (bandwidth) or `tcpdump`.
8. Troubleshooting
No Internet: Check WAN settings, MAC cloning, firewall.
Wi-Fi Issues: Adjust channel/width, disable “Wi-Fi Multimedi” (WMM).
Reset: Hold reset button 10+ seconds during boot.
Recovery: Use [TFTP method] for bricked devices.
9. Resources
Official Wiki: [/docs/start]
Forum: [forum.]
GitHub: [/openwrt]
Package List: [/packages]
> Tip: Always backup configuration (`System > Backup` in LuCI) before upgrades!
Let me know if you need help with specific configurations (e.g., VPN, QoS, or multi-WAN)!
